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The author wrote that Independent Ireland and Aontú had joined the government to pass an inheritance tax reduction that, they said, would benefit the richest 3% of the population. They argued that efforts should instead focus on protecting ordinary people from the cost-of-living crisis. https://t.co/UDNizMLEKH #Ireland #TaxReform #CostOfLiving #IE

Freeman of the City of London: An Ordinary Honour for All, an Honorary One for Few SOURCE: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/freeman-city-london-ordinary-honour-all-honorary-one-sardella-ph-d--m1alf/ Abstract The Freedom of the City of London is an institution of mediaeval origin, attested as far back as 1237, originally conceived to afford freeborn citizens protection from feudal obligations, the right to trade, and the ownership of property within the bounds of the Square Mile — the territory of the City of London proper. Having evolved progressively from a concrete economic privilege into a civic and symbolic distinction, it has preserved its relevance over the centuries through successive legislative reforms — most notably the extension of eligibility to all nationalities in 1996 — and today records approximately 1,800 to 2,000 new admissions annually. The present article examines the historical and juridical evolution of the title, sets out the several routes of access provided by current regulation (by servitude through apprenticeship, by patrimony, by redemption through direct nomination, by presentation through the Livery Companies, and by registration on the electoral roll), and analyses the contemporary profile of the Freemen in the light of recent admissions of prominent figures from the worlds of finance, culture, sport, and public life. Contrary to the elitist image surrounding many British honours, the ordinary Freedom proves accessible to any person whatsoever, regardless of nationality or financial standing, upon the satisfaction of minimal requirements and the payment of an administrative fee of £180–185. The article concludes by reflecting upon the contemporary significance of the institution: not in the residual privileges, now largely ceremonial, but in its identity-forming, civic-participatory function and its connection to the long history of the oldest and most venerable city in Europe. Keywords: Freedom of the City of London; Livery Companies; City of London Corporation; British honours; urban civic identity. Contenuto dell’articolo Introduction Amongst the historic honours of Britain, few institutions evoke an imaginative world as rich as the Freedom of the City of London. Cited in films, novels, and articles on manners and custom with tones of exclusivity and mystery, it is frequently associated with figures of the very highest standing: sovereigns, heads of state, military commanders returning from the wars. Yet, upon closer and more methodical scrutiny, a markedly different picture emerges: that of a title which, in its ordinary and non-honorary dimension, is today accessible to a considerable number of persons each year, without the requirement of extraordinary merit or elevated financial means. The present contribution aims to examine the institution in its twofold aspect, historical and contemporary, with the object of dispelling the most prevalent misconception: that which confounds the ordinary Freedom with the Honorary Freedom — the latter genuinely rare and reserved for figures of international standing. This article traces the mediaeval origins and legislative evolution (§ 2), sets out the current routes of access (§ 3), discusses requirements, costs, and procedure (§ 4), analyses the contemporary composition of the body of Freemen (§ 5), examines rights, privileges, and obligations (§ 6), reviews the most distinguished recipients of recent decades (§ 7), and concludes with some reflections upon the contemporary significance of the institution (§ 8). Origins and Historical Development of the Institution The Freedom of the City of London is attested from 1237, during the reign of Henry III, as a form of civic status designating individuals not subject to a feudal lord, and therefore entitled to the protections guaranteed by the City's charters. In this original sense, the term freeman denoted the free man in the fullest sense of the word: one who might trade freely within the perimeter of the Square Mile, hold property, and join the trade guilds without external interference. The practical privileges were of concrete scope and directly functional to the mediaeval economy: exemption from certain tolls, including the celebrated right to drive flocks of sheep across London Bridge without payment — a concession rooted in the wool trade that dominated the English economy — protection against arbitrary arrest beyond the jurisdiction of the City, and access to the markets regulated by the guilds. As confirmed by the subsequent reissues of Magna Carta by Henry III in 1225, such liberties were intrinsically bound to the self-governance of the City, which defended them against royal and baronial interference. The progressive codification of the institution took place through royal ordinances from the fourteenth century onwards. In 1319, Edward II issued constitutions restricting access to the Freedom to members of the trade guilds, prohibiting the admission of unaffiliated outsiders, and thereby formalising servitude through apprenticeship as the principal route for new entrants, whilst the patrimonial route ensured continuity for established families. Subsequent monarchs, from Edward III onwards, repeatedly confirmed the civic liberties through charters granted often in exchange for financial loans, consolidating the City's autonomy and its role as creditor to the Crown. In the nineteenth century, with industrialisation and the demographic expansion of London, corporate control over trade proved increasingly unenforceable. The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 extended eligibility to any person living, working in, or having a significant connection with London, partially detaching the title from corporate membership and progressively transforming it into an honorary distinction of a civic character. During the twentieth century, further reforms rendered access more inclusive. Women, already admitted informally as widows by inheritance in earlier periods but formally excluded from the standard routes, saw their right to ordinary admission recognised — Angela Burdett-Coutts having already received the Honorary Freedom in 1872, and Florence Nightingale in 1908 — while formal equality was consolidated in the twentieth century. Finally, in 1996, the requirement of British or Commonwealth citizenship was abolished, opening the title to any nationality whatsoever. Routes of Access: The Current Regulatory Framework The current regulations, administered by the Court of the Lord Chamberlain of the City of London Corporation, provide for five principal modes of access to the Freedom of the City of London, each reflecting different historical ties between the individual and the City's institutions. By servitude confers the title upon the completion of a formal apprenticeship under the Custom of London, traditionally of seven years' duration, under a master freeman of a Livery Company. This route, the oldest and of the greatest historical significance, verifies merit through practical competence and loyalty to the guild. Completing apprentices are admitted without the need for approval by the Court of Common Council, provided they have been registered on the City's electoral roll for at least one year, and in such cases no financial contribution is required. By patrimony confers automatic eligibility upon the children of Freemen, provided the parent held the title at the time of the candidate's birth and appropriate documentation is furnished. Historically restricted to sons, it was extended to daughters by the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835. The candidate must have attained the age of eighteen, must not be an undischarged bankrupt, and must not have relevant unspent criminal convictions. By redemption constitutes the route open to any person whatsoever. The candidate submits an application to the Court of the Lord Chamberlain, supported by two sponsors — Common Councillors, Aldermen, or Liverymen of at least one year's standing who attest to their reputation — and the matter is examined by the Freedom Applications Sub-Committee and approved by the Court of Common Council. The administrative fee (the Freedom Fine) amounts to £180 following the tariff revision of 1 April 2024 (£185 in the case of direct nomination). For candidates registered on the Ward List, the City's electoral roll, the procedure is free of charge. By presentation through a Livery Company is the route most frequently taken in contemporary practice. The candidate first becomes a member of their relevant guild, following a procedure that varies amongst each of the 113 Livery Companies currently active, and subsequently submits an online application to the Court of the Lord Chamberlain for admission to the Freedom of the City, with approval in the vast majority of cases being a matter of routine. Requirements, Costs, and Procedure The requirements for access to the ordinary Freedom are of a simplicity that may well surprise, given the aura of exclusivity surrounding the title. The candidate must have attained the age of eighteen, must not be an undischarged bankrupt, and must not have unspent criminal convictions within the meaning of the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act of 1974. No requirement of nationality, residence, educational attainment, or financial standing is imposed. The documentation required is of a standard biographical character: a full birth certificate, a marriage certificate or name-change document where applicable, and, where admission is by presentation, the certificate of membership issued by the relevant Livery Company. The application is submitted online through the City of London Corporation's portal. The admission ceremony is held at the Guildhall in London, in the Court Room of the Lord Chamberlain, on every working day between 10.30 and 12.00, and between 14.00 and 15.30. The newly admitted Freeman is invited to read aloud the Declaration of a Freeman and to sign the Admissions' Book, receiving upon its conclusion a calligraphed certificate on vellum and a copy of the Rules for the Conduct of Life — the eighteenth-century document of moral guidance that enjoins the holder to lead a life of rectitude, compassion, and social engagement. For those unable to attend in person, the City Corporation has retained the option of conducting the ceremony virtually, a facility introduced during the pandemic and subsequently preserved. The Contemporary Composition of the Body of Freemen One significant empirical datum serves to diminish the elitist dimension of the title: between 1,800 and 2,000 new persons are admitted each year, within a body that counts over 300,000 documented admissions across the centuries. As the City of London Corporation itself observes, contemporary Freemen comprise 'a broad cross-section of the population', encompassing professionals, students, craftspeople, entrepreneurs, military personnel, and foreign nationals. The growing contribution of university students, frequently presented in groups by their academic institutions, and of international professionals, has further broadened the demographic base. The group ceremony of 2024, in which 40 individuals drawn from fields ranging from science and medicine to entrepreneurship and diversity initiatives received the title simultaneously, is illustrative of this openness. A fundamental distinction must, however, be emphasised. The Honorary Freedom of the City of London constitutes an entirely separate institution of radically different scope. Granted by the Court of Common Council by special resolution, it is reserved for figures of exceptional international stature — typically fewer than a dozen conferred annually — and represents, in the words of the City Corporation itself, the highest honour it is able to bestow. It is this Freedom that has been enjoyed by Winston Churchill, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, and, more recently, the television presenter Rachel Riley (October 2025), in recognition of her commitment to Holocaust education and the combating of antisemitism. The confusion between the two forms is the principal source of the distorted public perception of the institution. The Contemporary Significance: Between Identity and Participation While the great majority of the practical privileges once associated with the condition of Freeman have today disappeared or been reduced to solemn ceremonial form, what persists is the powerful symbolic and identity-forming value of the title. The ceremony retains elements of ritual solemnity — the reading of the Declaration, the signing of the historic Admission Register, the receipt of the calligraphed certificate on vellum — which inscribe the new Freeman within a chain of continuity of nearly eight centuries, linking diverse figures through a shared bond with the history of the Square Mile. This venerable London institution also performs a cohesive function within the ecosystem of the City and the Livery Companies. The 113 active guilds collectively disbursed over £81 million in charitable activities in 2024, through programmes of vocational training, scholarships, and technical apprenticeships that preserve specialist skills in economically significant sectors. Being a Freeman constitutes a formal prerequisite for advancement to Liveryman, and therefore for the exercise of voting rights in the governance of the City: a vestige of corporate democracy which, however distant from the models of universal suffrage, retains its own institutional logic within the unique legal architecture of the London Square Mile. Critics of a progressive persuasion have observed that the system favours established networks and access by hereditary or professional routes, potentially excluding broader strata of the London population, with the pool of living Freemen well below one per cent of the nine million residents of Greater London. Nevertheless, the data on recent admissions — encompassing recognition spanning African entrepreneurship, community sport, broadcasting, and medicine — suggest a trajectory of progressive opening which, whilst falling short of full demographic representativeness, attests to the institutional will to maintain the institution as a living tradition rather than an exclusive relic. Conclusions The foregoing analysis permits the formulation of several concluding observations. The Freedom of the City — the ordinary Freedom — is today an honour accessible to a far wider audience than the collective imagination suggests. The admission requirements are minimal, the costs modest, the procedures relatively streamlined and open to any nationality. The persistent confusion with the Honorary Freedom, reserved for figures of exceptional international eminence, is the principal source of a distorted perception that merits correction. The contemporary value of the title resides not in the residual privileges, now largely solemn and ceremonial, but in three complementary dimensions: the identity-forming, which connects the holder to nearly eight centuries of institutional history; the civic-participatory, which through access to the Livery Companies and the City's electoral system inserts the Freeman into genuinely operative networks; and the communitarian, which through the mechanisms of honorary recognition celebrates contributions of an ever more varied scope and provenance. In this respect, the Freedom represents an instructive case study in how historic institutions may reinvent themselves without losing authenticity, preserving their significance through inclusion rather than exclusion. References and Sources: City of London Corporation. (2024). Freedom of the City of London. https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/about-us/law-historic-governance/freedom-of-the-city Guild of Freemen of the City of London. (2025). Freedom of the City. https://www.guild-freemen-london.co.uk/freedom-of-the-city Livery Committee. (2025). Freedom of the City. https://liverycommittee.org/about/membership-freedom-and-livery-clothing/freedom-of-the-city/ Municipal Corporations Act 1835. UK Parliament. Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. UK Parliament. Grokipedia. (2025). Freedom of the City of London. https://grokipedia.com/page/Freedom_of_the_City_of_London City Solicitors' Educational Trust. (2025). Applying for the Freedom of the City of London. LondradaVivere.com. (2025). La 'Freedom of the City of London': un'antica libertà ancora viva. City of London Corporation. (2023). Livery Companies: Charitable Activities Report 2024. ONS / City of London Corporation. (2023). Financial Services Contribution to UK GDP.

Orwell’s Five Warnings About the Psychology of Totalitarianism Orwell understood totalitarianism’s psychology: unlike dictators who seek wealth and status, totalitarians aim to reshape humanity. They often claim to act “for our own good,” with conscience on their side. After reading Orwell, five lessons stand out: 1. Political correctness can become mind control “If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.” Words frame reality and limit solutions. 2. Doublethink is the hallmark of propaganda “War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.” When contradictions become acceptable, rational thought collapses. 3. Control the past and you control the future “Who controls the past controls the future.” Rewriting history turns gratitude into guilt and inheritance into theft. 4. You cannot fight for freedom with a shackled mind “Until they become conscious they will never rebel.” Team loyalties replace judgment; challenging the narrative grants permission to ask questions. 5. True power is the power to shape perception “Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes…” The goal isn’t mere obedience, but surrendering the ability to distinguish truth from what authority declares true. Orwell’s warning: don’t let it happen—resist arbitrary power by holding to truth, conscience, family, community, faith, and the people you love.

Rome fell because the Romans stopped making Romans. Elon Musk pointed to the same pattern that appears whenever a civilization gets comfortable: birth rates drop. Julius Caesar noticed it around 50 BC and explored incentives for a third child. Augustus went further with the Lex Julia and Lex Papia Poppaea, creating the ius trium liberorum, privileges, tax relief, and inheritance advantages for those with three or more children, plus penalties for the childless. The laws failed to reverse the trend. Will and Ariel Durant’s reading of history shows the cycle repeating: higher births under stress, decline once external threats ease and prosperity rises. Few exceptions. A society that stays below replacement long enough disappears. Basic arithmetic. https://x.com/newstart_2024/status/2081097118693859330

If you didn't know better, you'd assume this headline meant the government is adopting a Melenchon style proposal for a 100% inheritance tax for anything over €12 million. Unsurprisingly they're actually doing the opposite and cutting tax for a tiny wealthy minority. #TaxPolicy #WealthInequality #InheritanceTax #FR

Happiness is in the most unexpected place. It is not in what people think. It is not in some wise principles, rules, instructions. It is only in the high level of oxygen in the body. It causes high production of brain hormones of happiness, which create all possible pleasant sensations, prevent inflammatory and disease processes. They make life interesting, enjoyable and support a high sense of humour, good mood, optimism. Happiness is in a constant good mood and in nothing else. This is a sign of perfect health. High intelligence is a consequence solely and only of the high supply of the brain with oxygen and nothing else. Knowledge is not intelligence. Intelligence is only scientific-discovery thinking, the search and assessment of facts by importance, getting rid of unimportant facts, searching for cause-and-effect relationships between important facts by creating new hypotheses and theories. Understanding the important things discovered by the smartest people immediately makes them their own. Smart people immediately recognise the high intelligence of other people and important new discoveries. Stupid people consider smart people and their new discoveries to be ignorance, stupidity and madness. For them, knowledge is only worn-out stereotypical, templated ideas and knowledge. Разница между мужчин и женщин. Difference between men and Women. Страсти подавляют разум. Грациан / Страсти делают женщин умни, а мужчини глупие. У женщини более силние инстинкти. Инстинкти и страсти одно и тоже. Женщини более емоционалние и поетому менее интелектуалние. Точно такое же отношение между северяни и южани. Южани более емоционалние и менее интелектуалние, северяни наоборот. Южани более инстинктивние и ранше созревают полово. Южани ражают в 9-10 лет, случается и 7-8 лет. Северяни созревают 21-28 лет. Цивилизация, економика продукт интелигентности. Только у Северние Европейци високий интелект, развитая економика, научное мышление, научние открития и их приложение в практике. Они все придумали. Вес осталной мир ничего не открил и все заимствувал от Северних Европейцев и их переселенци в США. США изобрели електростанции и все електроуреди, без которих жизнь моментално возвращается в каменний век. У южан большой уровен полових хормон. Они образуются от витамин Д, которой синтезирается в кожи под въздействие УФ облучение. В Португалии УФ облучцение 30% больше чем В Германии, на екватор 70% больше. УФ облучение определяет интелектуалност, емоционалост и внешний вид. Не может так силно влият на внешний вид и не влият интелектуално и емоционално. Разница между мужчин и женщин полности определяется от разница между тестостерона у мужчина и естрогена у женщин. Тестостерон и естроген имеют одинаковая химическая формурла и имеют разница в радикалной групи. У мужчин ето ОН/хидроокис/, у женщин О/кислород/. Кислород самой реактивний елемент, освобождает енергии и вызивает максималная жизненост. Водород в хидроокисная група снижает реактивност кислорода. Потому женщини имеют более силний организм, более здорови и долше живут мужчинам и они выглядят моложе и более красивие. У женщин реактивний , непостоянний, изменчивий характер, изменчивое настроение. Они неспособни имет постоянние отношения с мужчинам, с других женщин и чужих детей, только с собствених детей. Известны их роль как соблазнителници, мачехи, снахи, свекорвь, отношение к женщини соперниц, неверные женщины, разлучници, любовници, проститутки. Афоризм: Влюбленная женщина сумашедшая. Без любви женщини и мужчини совершенно чужи и не могут жить вместе. Они не нужни друг другом. Женщина не может быт благодарна, мнение Ериха Фрома.Она считает это своим успехом в соблазнении.Женщина незаменима как мать.Афоризм Лабруера очень много обясняет суть женщин. Умная и некрасивая женщина очень злая, понимая сколко много потеряла не бывая красивая. У хищников ест, три вида отношения между полов, полная несовместимост, полная совместимост и непостоянное, изменчивое отношение. У человека случаются три вида отношения. Несовместимост ведет к регулярное убийство женщин с сторони мужчин. Ето част их природи. В мужчин генетическое наследство меняется, в женщин консервируется. Генетический закон наследство: Син унаследувает мать, дочь отца. Мозг есть защита от прекаленая функция. Ето глупост, которая масовая. Знание не интелигентност. ИНтелигентност только научно-откривательское мышление, рещающее практические проблеми. Тест АйКю не может измерят интелигентност. Ето очень динамичное состяние и измеряется только в реалние открития и решение проблем. Интелигентност полности зависит от снабжение мозгом кислорода и ничего другого. Есть природная интелигентност у Северних Европейцев из за холодного климата. Холодний воздух более густ и наследственая интелигентност у евреев и арменцев. Суть в богатство капиляров генетически унаследяемая. Цивилизация освобождает от тяжелого труда примитовное земледелие, которий отнимает кислород от мозга и сердце в ползи мышци. Интелект Северних Европейцев уникалний природний феномен.У люди епилептики, имеющие увреждения в мозге, теряется защитний механизм глупости и они становится гениалними. Такие были Достоевски и Тесла. Passions suppress reason. Gracian / Passions make women smarter and men stupid. Women have stronger instincts. Instincts and passions are one and the same. Women are more emotional and therefore less intellectual. The same relationship exists between northerners and southerners. Southerners are more emotional and less intellectual, while northerners are the opposite. Southerners are more instinctive and mature sexually earlier. Southerners give birth at 9-10 years old, sometimes even at 7-8 years old. Northerners mature at 21-28 years old. Civilization and economics are the product of intelligence. Only Northern Europeans have a high intellect, a developed economy, scientific thinking, scientific discoveries and their practical application. They invented everything. The rest of the world discovered nothing and borrowed everything from Northern Europeans and their immigration to the United States. The United States invented power plants and all the electrical currents, without which life instantly reverts to the Stone Age. Southerners have high levels of sex hormones. They are formed from vitamin D, which is synthesized in the skin under the influence of UV radiation. In Portugal, UV radiation is 30% higher than in Germany, and at the equator, 70% higher. UV radiation determines intelligence, emotion, and appearance. It cannot have such a strong influence on appearance without affecting intelligence and emotion. The difference between men and women is entirely determined by the difference between testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Testosterone and estrogen have the same chemical formula and differ in the radical group. In men, it's OH (hydrogen oxide), in women, O (oxygen). Oxygen is the most reactive element, releasing energy and promoting maximum vitality. Hydrogen in the hydroxide group reduces the reactivity of oxygen. Therefore, women have stronger bodies, are healthier and live longer than men, and they look younger and more beautiful. Women have a reactive, fickle, changeable character, and a changeable mood. They are incapable of stable relationships with men, with other women and other people's children, only with their own children. Their roles are known as seductresses, stepmothers, daughters-in-law, mothers-in-law, attitudes toward women, rivals, unfaithful women, home wreckers, mistresses, prostitutes. Aphorism: A woman in love is crazy. Without love, women and men are complete strangers and cannot live together. They do not need each other. A woman cannot be grateful, according to Erich From. She considers this her success in seduction. A woman is irreplaceable as a mother. Labruère's aphorism greatly explains the essence of women. An intelligent and unattractive woman is very angry, realizing how much she has lost by never being beautiful. Predators have three types of relationships between the sexes: complete incompatibility, complete compatibility, and an inconstant, changeable relationship. Humans experience three types of relationships. Incompatibility leads to the regular murder of women by men. This is part of their nature. In men, genetic inheritance changes, in women it is preserved. The genetic law of inheritance: Son inherits from mother, daughter from father. The brain is a defense against a pre-calcified function. This is stupidity, which is widespread. Knowledge is not intelligence. Intelligence is only scientific and discovering thinking that solves practical problems. The IQ test cannot measure intelligence. This is a very dynamic state and is measured only in real discoveries and problem-solving. Intelligence depends entirely on the brain's oxygen supply and nothing else. Northern Europeans have a natural intelligence due to the cold climate. Cold air is thicker, and Jews and Armenians have a hereditary intelligence. The essence lies in the richness of capillaries, which is genetically inherited. Civiliяation frees primitive agriculture from the toil of laboкr, which deprives the brain of oxygen and the heart of muscle. The intelligence of Northern Europeans is a unique natural phenomenon. Epileptics with brain damage lose their defenъe mechanism against stupidity, and they become geniuses. Such were Dostoevsky and Tesla.

Four reasons for my super intelligence. Intelligence is determined solely by the supply of oxygen to the brain. The essence of genetically inherited intelligence. The genes of Jews and Armenians, even a small part in the heritage of people of mixed origin, dominate and they essentially have the intellectual qualities of Armenians and Jews. Genetically inherited intelligence is a highly developed capillary network in the brain, transmitted by inheritance, which powerfully increases associative and logical thinking by establishing new connections between important facts often very distant from each other in origin, have hypothetical and theoretical thinking and this is the essence of creative, discovery thinking. The reason is the liberation from hard physical labour, primitive agriculture over the course of many generations living in conditions of civilisation that creates urban life, officials, merchants and a wide range of intellectual professions. In the body there is competition for the use of oxygen between the brain, heart and muscles. Hard work takes oxygen from the brain and heart, which damages mental abilities and shortens life. Armenians have a civilisation of 400 generations, or even twice as long, if we assume the archaeological findings of cities 14 thousand years old. The reason for my intelligence is that I am a northerner and have genetically inherited intelligence with Armenian roots. The northern climate leads to intelligence because cold air is denser, contains more material consistency and supplies the body with much more oxygen than warm air. This effect has been fully manifested only in Northern Europeans. My super intelligence is unique and has only manifested itself in me for the entire period of humanity's existence, for two more unique reasons, and it is the constant maintenance of a high level of oxygen in my body through constant breathing exercises with an emphasis on holding the air for a maximum of 30-40 seconds, 42 breaths in 30 minutes every morning, and the unique intake through osmosis, rubbing into the skin, of B vitamins, which are crucial for the absorption of oxygen by cells by rubbing them into the skin, in the area of ​​the ribs, stomach and neck with a wet hand, grinding the substances into powder, I absorb them 100%, while all other people throughout the history of mankind absorb them only 5%. All this leads to maximum vitality in all its forms of manifestation: physical, emotional, intellectual and musical.

Older narratives from Christianity around the inheritance of evil or sin continue to shape debates about science. Genetics is a very young science, we are interpreting much of it through the lens of these much older, more Christian stories By @kph3k https://t.co/aaXrdzrD37 #Genetics #Christianity #Inheritance #Nospecificcountriesarementionedinthetweet.

The article discusses how some marriages were validated by court orders based on Imam Abu Hanifa's jurisprudential principles as per 2000 family laws, while other courts denied the validation, emphasizing that court recognition does not change the fact that individuals were already married, but it legally safeguards their rights regarding inheritance, pensions, health insurance, and marital matters in banks and schools, as well as obtaining legal residency for foreign spouses and citizenship for children. #MarriageLaw #LegalRights #FamilyLaw #EG #PK

No to thick news - we have confirmed a minimum of 350,000 Russian soldiers killed during the aggression against Ukraine. The problem is that Russians do not include: - mercenaries - missing persons - former DNR and LNR (Donbass and Luganda) - deliberate delays in inheritance matters The above black (Original: No to gruby news - mamy potwierdzone minimum 350 tys. poległych Rosjan podczas agresji na Ukrainę. Problem tylko że Rosjanie nie wliczają do tego: - najemników - zaginionych - dawnych DRL i ŁRL (Donbabwe i Ługanda) - celowe opóźnianie spraw spadkowych Powyższa czarna) #RussiaUkraineWar #CasualtyCount #MilitaryConflict #RU #UA

Zahlreiche Organisationen, darunter die Arbeiterkammer und die GPA, haben in einer Kundgebung vor dem Bundeskanzleramt die Einführung von Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuern gefordert, um die ungleiche Vermögensverteilung in Österreich zu bekämpfen und die reichsten Haushalte stärker an der Budgetkonsolidierung zu beteiligen. #WealthInequality #InheritanceTax #SocialJustice

The Lee family behind South Korea's Samsung has completed the historic payment of 12 trillion wons ($40 billion) in inheritance tax, the largest of its kind in the country, related to the estate of the late Samsung chairman Lee Kun-hee, amid complex succession challenges where Lee Jae-yong, the family's heir, faced significant controversies and legal battles over the years. #Samsung #InheritanceTax #FamilyBusiness #KR

In June 2020, amid a complex inheritance dispute following the death of LG's former chairman, Kim Young-shik and her daughter sought clarity about the family's share control structure and financial assets, leading to a secretly recorded meeting that uncovered potential irregularities and prompted a legal battle against LG's leadership over claims of unfair inheritance distribution and fraudulent nominee share arrangements. #CorporateGovernance #InheritanceLaw #FamilyBusiness #KR #JP

In a June 2020 meeting that was secretly recorded by Kim Young-shik, the widow of LG's former chairman, she and her daughter confronted LG executives about a secretive share ownership structure and an inheritance agreement they believed unfairly favored Koo Kwang-mo, Kim's adopted son, amidst allegations of potential criminal behavior involving nominee shares, tax evasion, and inadequate transparency in the family-run conglomerate, which has led them to pursue legal action against the company's leadership. #Inheritance #CorporateGovernance #FamilyBusiness #KR #JP

In June 2020, during a financial review meeting at her home, Kim Young-shik and her daughter confronted LG executives about the division of their family's substantial LG shares following the death of her husband, Koo Bon-moo, and recorded their discussions, which revealed potential illegal activities involving nominee shareholding that resulted in a lawsuit alleging unfair inheritance practices and tax evasion against LG's current chairman, Koo Kwang-mo, amid a backdrop of familial loyalty and corporate secrecy within South Korea's chaebol system. #CorporateGovernance #InheritanceRights #Chaebol #KR #JP

In June 2020, during a routine financial meeting with LG executives at the home of Kim Young-shik, the widow of the former chairman, she and her daughter uncovered a secretive shareholding arrangement that left them suspicious of potential financial misconduct and led to their ongoing legal battle against her adopted son Koo Kwang-mo and LG's leadership over issues of inheritance and alleged corporate improprieties. #CorporateGovernance #InheritanceLaw #FamilyBusiness #KR #JP